H.V.M.N. Ketone is the result 15+ years of research and millions of dollars of funding by DARPA, the NIH and Oxford University. Extensive testing has been devoted to taking the ketone ester research compound (called ‘ΔG,’ or ‘R 1,3-butanediol R 1,3 hydroxybutyrate') to commercialization in H.V.M.N. Ketone.
This ketone ester has been extensively tested for safety and efficacy in both animal and human studies.
Studies of the ketogenic diet (i.e., studies of endogenous ketosis) date back to the 1920s, when it was first used to treat children with epilepsy.
Research has shown that low-carb, high-fat diets (which trigger the production of ketone bodies) have potential uses in conditions such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer.
Exogenous ketones like ketone esters, ketone salts and medium chain triglycerides (MCT) may offer a way to induce the benefits of ketosis without requiring adherence to the strict ketogenic diet.
The research studies are abundant (in both human clinical trials and animal models), and have been conducted using the ketone ester found in H.V.M.N. Ketone.
Studies in Human Athletes
- Nutritional Ketosis Alters Fuel Preference and Thereby Endurance Performance in Athletes: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27475046
- A Ketone Ester Drink Increases Postexercise Muscle Glycogen Synthesis in Humans: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28398950
- Intake of a Ketone Ester Drink during Recovery from Exercise Promotes mTORC1 Signaling but Not Glycogen Resynthesis in Human Muscle: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5440563/
- Kinetics, safety and tolerability of (R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate in healthy adult subjects: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3810007/
- Ketone ester supplementation blunts overreaching symptoms during endurance training overload: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31039280
Studies in Human Non-Athletes
- A new way to produce hyperketonemia: Use of ketone ester in a case of Alzheimer’s disease: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25301680
- The Population Pharmacokinetics of D-β-hydroxybutyrate Following Administration of (R)-3-Hydroxybutyl (R)-3-Hydroxybutyrate: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26893218
- On the Metabolism of Exogenous Ketones in Humans: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2017.00848/abstract
- A Ketone Ester Drink Lowers Human Ghrelin and Appetite: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oby.22051/full
Studies in Animals
- A Ketone Ester Diet Increases Brain Malonyl-CoA and Uncoupling Proteins 4 and 5 while Decreasing Food Intake in the Normal Wistar Rat: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20529850
- Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Increased Uncoupling Protein 1 in Brown Adipose Tissue of Mice Fed a Ketone Ester Diet: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22362892
- A Ketone Ester Diet Exhibits Anxiolytic and Cognition-Sparing Properties, and Lessens Amyloid and Tau Pathologies in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23276384
- An Ester of β‐Hydroxybutyrate Regulates Cholesterol Biosynthesis in Rats and a Cholesterol Biomarker in Humans: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26498829
- Novel Ketone Diet Enhances Physical and Cognitive Performance: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27528626
- Effects of a Dietary Ketone Ester on Hippocampal Glycolytic and Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediates and Amino Acids in a 3xTgAD Model of Alzheimer's Disease: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28099989
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